Just like humans, dogs can inherit genetic conditions or have a predisposition or risk to a condition that can impact their health and overall well-being. While it might sound scary, knowing about these disorders and risks can help you take the right steps to keep your pup happy and healthy. Here are five common genetic conditions or predispositions in dogs, their symptoms, and what you can do to manage them.
1. Copper Toxicosis
What Is It?
Copper toxicosis is a liver disorder where excess copper accumulates, leading to liver damage and, in severe cases, liver failure. While previously found predominantly in labrador retrievers, AlphaDog DNA’s research found it in a variety of breeds.
Breeds Most Affected:
- Labrador Retrievers
- Others
Signs to Watch For:
- Yellowing of the skin (jaundice)
- Weight loss
- Vomiting
What Can You Do?
Early diagnosis is key and genetic testing can help. A low-copper diet and medications like chelation therapy can help manage the condition. Genetic testing can determine if your dog is at risk before symptoms appear.
Learn More about Copper Toxicosis here!
2. Degenerative Myelopathy (DM)
What Is It?
Degenerative Myelopathy is a progressive disease of the spinal cord, often seen in older dogs. It’s kind of like ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease) in humans and gradually leads to loss of mobility. While it has been identified specifically in Bernese Mountain Dogs and an early onset risk modifier has been identified in Pembroke Welsh Corgis, there is also a common variant found in other breeds.
Breeds Most Affected:
- German Shepherds
- Pembroke Welsh Corgis
- Boxers
Signs to Watch For:
- Weakness in the back legs
- Difficulty standing or walking
- Loss of coordination
What Can You Do?
There’s no cure, but keeping your dog active with physical therapy can help slow progression. Mobility aids like wheelchairs can keep your pup moving for as long as possible. A DNA test can also reveal whether your dog is at risk so you can be proactive about managing your dog’s care.
Learn More about Degenerative Myelopathy here!
3. Cardiomyopathy
What Is It?
Cardiomyopathy is a genetic heart condition that weakens the heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood properly. Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality may present as young as 6 weeks and show symptoms such as tremors, gastrointestinal issues, and difficulty breathing. Doberman Pinschers have two risk factors, variant 1 and variant 2. Schnauzers can potentially have dilated cardiomyopathy.
Breeds Most Affected:
- Doberman Pinschers
- Great Danes
- Boxers
- Schnauzers
Signs to Watch For:
- Low energy
- Trouble breathing
- Sudden fainting spells
What Can You Do?
Early identification is important for maintaining a dog with cardiomyopathy. In addition to genetic testing, heart screenings with a vet are essential, especially if you have a breed at risk. Medications like ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers can help manage the condition.
Learn More about Cardiomyopathy here!
4. Obesity in Labrador Retrievers
What Is It?
All dogs can become overweight, but Labs have a specific gene mutation that makes them more prone to packing on extra pounds. Risks can be systemic from increased stress on organs to bones and hips.
Signs to Watch For:
- Rapid weight gain
- Trouble moving around
-
Joint pain
What Can You Do?
Genetic testing can provide information to proactively and pre-emptively care for your dog. If you have a Lab, keeping an eye on food intake is a must. A balanced diet, portion control, and regular exercise will help prevent obesity-related health issues like arthritis.
Learn More about Obesity in Labrador Retrievers here!
5. Cerebellar Ataxia
What Is It?
Cerebellar Ataxia is a neurological disorder affecting the cerebellum, leading to uncoordinated movements, balance issues, and tremors. In dogs, it can be caused by genetic mutations, infections, toxins, or injuries. Affected dogs may struggle with walking, coordination, and controlled movements. Genetic testing helps identify inherited forms, allowing breeders and owners to make informed decisions. Early diagnosis and veterinary care can improve an affected dog's quality of life.
There are currently several variants of Cerebellar Ataxia: Cerebellar Ataxia (SELENOP), Cerebellar Ataxia (RALGAPA1), Cerebellar Ataxia (Finnish Hound Type), Cerebellar Ataxia 1 (Belgian Shepherd Type), Cerebellar Ataxia 2 (Belgian Shepherd Type), Cerebellar Ataxia (CA) (Spinone Italiano Type)
Breeds Most Affected:
- American Staffordshire Terriers
- French Bulldogs
- Scottish Terriers
Signs to Watch For
- Wobbly walking
- Shaking or tremors
- Trouble judging distances when moving
What Can You Do?
There’s no cure, but supportive care—like physical therapy—can help dogs adjust. If you’re considering a breed prone to this condition, genetic testing is a great way to stay informed.
Learn More about Cerebellar Ataxia here!
6. Cystinuria
What Is It?
Cystinuria is an inherited kidney disorder that affects the body's ability to reabsorb cystine, leading to high concentrations in the urine. This excess cystine can form crystals or stones, which may block the urinary tract and cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and blood in the urine. Males are at higher risk of obstruction due to anatomical differences. Without treatment, the condition can lead to recurrent infections, kidney failure, and serious complications, making early diagnosis and management essential for maintaining health.
There are currently several variants of Cystinuria: Cystinuria (Newfoundland Type), Cystinuria (Labrador Retriever Type), Cystinuria (Miniature Pinscher Type), Cystinuria (Australian Cattle Dog Type), and Cystinuria Type 3 (Bulldog Type Risk Factor, Variants 2 and 3)
Breeds Most Affected:
- Newfoundlands
- Dachshunds
- Scottish Terriers
Signs to Watch For:
- Frequent UTIs
- Straining to urinate
- Blood in the urine
What Can You Do?
Knowing your dog’s genetic predisposition to Cystinuria can help you stay ahead of the disease. Keeping your dog well-hydrated and on a special diet can reduce the risk of stone formation. In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove large stones.
Learn More about Cystinuria here!
Protect Your Dog's Health with a Genetic Test.
Genetic disorders and risks can sound scary, but knowledge is power! Many of these conditions can be managed with the right care, diet, and early detection. If you're thinking about adding a new furry friend to your family or you suspect that your dog may have one of these conditions, AlphaDog DNA can provide you with fast and accurate testing so you can make informed decisions about your pet and their care.